1

Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

2

Akrotiri

English, Greek

3

Albania

Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects

4

Algeria

Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

5

American Samoa

Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%

6

Andorra

Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

7

Angola

Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

8

Anguilla

English (official)

9

Antigua and Barbuda

English (official), local dialects

10

Argentina

Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French

11

Armenia

Armenian (official) 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)

12

Aruba

Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 66.3%, Spanish 12.6%, English (widely spoken) 7.7%, Dutch (official) 5.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified or unknown 5.3% (2000 census)

13

Australia

English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%, Greek 1.3%, Arabic 1.2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2006 Census)

14

Austria

German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census)

15

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani (Azeri) (official) 90.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified 1% (1999 census)

16

Bahamas, The

English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

17

Bahrain

Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu

18

Bangladesh

Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

19

Barbados

English

20

Belarus

Belarusian (official) 36.7%, Russian (official) 62.8%, other 0.5% (includes small Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking minorities) (1999 census)

21

Belgium

Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)

22

Belize

Spanish 46%, Creole 32.9%, Mayan dialects 8.9%, English 3.9% (official), Garifuna 3.4% (Carib), German 3.3%, other 1.4%, unknown 0.2% (2000 census)

23

Benin

French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

24

Bermuda

English (official), Portuguese

25

Bhutan

Sharchhopka 28%, Dzongkha (official) 24%, Lhotshamkha 22%, other 26% (2005 Census)

26

Bolivia

Spanish (official) 60.7%, Quechua (official) 21.2%, Aymara (official) 14.6%, foreign languages 2.4%, other 1.2% (2001 census)

27

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnian (official), Croatian (official), Serbian

28

Botswana

Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English (official) 2.1%, other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)

29

Brazil

Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)

30

British Virgin Islands

English (official)

31

Brunei

Malay (official), English, Chinese

32

Bulgaria

Bulgarian (official) 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

33

Burkina Faso

French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

34

Burma

Burmese (official)

35

Burundi

Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

36

Cambodia

Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

37

Cameroon

24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)

38

Canada

English (official) 58.8%, French (official) 21.6%, other 19.6% (2006 Census)

39

Cape Verde

Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)

40

Cayman Islands

English (official) 95%, Spanish 3.2%, other 1.8% (1999 census)

41

Central African Republic

French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages

42

Chad

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

43

Chile

Spanish (official), Mapudungun, German, English

44

China

Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)

45

Christmas Island

English (official), Chinese, Malay

46

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Malay (Cocos dialect), English

47

Colombia

Spanish (official)

48

Comoros

Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)

49

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

50

Congo, Republic of the

French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)

51

Cook Islands

English (official), Maori

52

Costa Rica

Spanish (official), English

53

Cote d'Ivoire

French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken

54

Croatia

Croatian (official) 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) 2.9% (2001 census)

55

Cuba

Spanish (official)

56

Curacao

Papiamentu (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 81.2%, Dutch (official) 8%, Spanish 4%, English 2.9%, other 3.9% (2001 census)

57

Cyprus

Greek (official), Turkish (official), English

58

Czech Republic

Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8% (2001 census)

59

Denmark

Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)

60

Dhekelia

English, Greek

61

Djibouti

French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar

62

Dominica

English (official), French patois

63

Dominican Republic

Spanish (official)

64

Ecuador

Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

65

Egypt

Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes

66

El Salvador

Spanish (official), Nahua (among some Amerindians)

67

Equatorial Guinea

Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) 32.4% (1994 census)

68

Eritrea

Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages

69

Estonia

Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)

70

Ethiopia

Amarigna (Amharic) (official) 32.7%, Oromigna (official regional) 31.6%, Tigrigna (official regional) 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (official) (1994 census)

71

European Union

Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish

72

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

English

73

Faroe Islands

Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish

74

Fiji

English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani

75

Finland

Finnish (official) 91.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) 3.3% (2007)

76

France

French (official) 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)

77

French Polynesia

French (official) 61.1%, Polynesian (official) 31.4%, Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census)

78

Gabon

French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi

79

Gambia, The

English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

80

Gaza Strip

Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood)

81

Georgia

Georgian (official) 71%, Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%

82

Germany

German

83

Ghana

Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other (includes English (official)) 36.1% (2000 census)

84

Gibraltar

English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese

85

Greece

Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%

86

Greenland

Greenlandic (East Inuit) (official), Danish (official), English

87

Grenada

English (official), French patois

88

Guam

English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census)

89

Guatemala

Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40%

90

Guernsey

English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts

91

Guinea

French (official)

92

Guinea-Bissau

Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages

93

Guyana

English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Urdu

94

Haiti

French (official), Creole (official)

95

Holy See (Vatican City)

Italian, Latin, French, various other languages

96

Honduras

Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects

97

Hong Kong

Cantonese (official) 90.8%, English (official) 2.8%, Putonghua (Mandarin) 0.9%, other Chinese dialects 4.4%, other 1.1% (2006 census)

98

Hungary

Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)

99

Iceland

Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken

100

India

Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%

101

Indonesia

Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)

102

Iran

Persian and Persian dialects (official) 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

103

Iraq

Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkoman (a Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian

104

Ireland

English (official,the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken mainly in areas along the western coast

105

Isle of Man

English, Manx Gaelic (about 2% of the population has some knowledge)

106

Israel

Hebrew (official), Arabic (used officially for Arab minority), English (most commonly used foreign language)

107

Italy

Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

108

Jamaica

English, English patois

109

Japan

Japanese

110

Jersey

English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)

111

Jordan

Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)

112

Kazakhstan

Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)

113

Kenya

English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages

114

Kiribati

I-Kiribati, English (official)

115

Korea, North

Korean

116

Korea, South

Korean, English (widely taught in junior high and high school)

117

Kosovo

Albanian (official), Serbian (official), Bosnian, Turkish, Roma

118

Kuwait

Arabic (official), English widely spoken

119

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz (official) 64.7%, Uzbek 13.6%, Russian (official) 12.5%, Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)

120

Laos

Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages

121

Latvia

Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census)

122

Lebanon

Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

123

Lesotho

Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa

124

Liberia

English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few of which can be written or used in correspondence

125

Libya

Arabic (official), Italian, English

126

Liechtenstein

German (official), Alemannic dialect

127

Lithuania

Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)

128

Luxembourg

Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)

129

Macau

Cantonese 85.7%, Hokkien 4%, Mandarin 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.7%, English 1.5%, Tagalog 1.3%, other 1.6%

130

Macedonia

Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian (official) 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)

131

Madagascar

French (official), Malagasy (official), English

132

Malawi

Chichewa (official) 57.2%, Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)

133

Malaysia

Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai

134

Maldives

Dhivehi (official, dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English (spoken by most government officials)

135

Mali

French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

136

Malta

Maltese (official) 90.2%, English (official) 6%, multilingual 3%, other 0.8% (2005 census)

137

Marshall Islands

Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)

138

Mauritania

Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French, Hassaniya

139

Mauritius

Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)

140

Mexico

Spanish only 92.7%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7%, indigenous only 0.8%, unspecified 0.8%

141

Micronesia, Federated States of

English (official and common language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi

142

Moldova

Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)

143

Monaco

French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

144

Mongolia

Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

145

Montenegro

Serbian 63.6%, Montenegrin (official) 22%, Bosnian 5.5%, Albanian 5.3%, unspecified 3.7% (2003 census)

146

Montserrat

English

147

Morocco

Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)

148

Mozambique

Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (2007 census)

149

Namibia

English (official) 7%, Afrikaans (common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population), German 32%, indigenous languages (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) 1%

150

Nauru

Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes)

151

Nepal

Nepali (official) 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)

152

Netherlands

Dutch (official), Frisian (official)

153

New Caledonia

French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

154

New Zealand

English (official) 91.2%, Maori (official) 3.9%, Samoan 2.1%, French 1.3%, Hindi 1.1%, Yue 1.1%, Northern Chinese 1%, other 12.9%, New Zealand Sign Language (official)

155

Nicaragua

Spanish (official) 97.5%, Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)

156

Niger

French (official), Hausa, Djerma

157

Nigeria

English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

158

Niue

English (official), Niuean (a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan)

159

Norfolk Island

English (official), Norfolk (a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian)

160

Northern Mariana Islands

Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census)

161

Norway

Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

162

Oman

Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects

163

Pakistan

Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

164

Palau

Palauan (official on most islands) 64.7%, Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)

165

Panama

Spanish (official), English 14%

166

Papua New Guinea

Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 860 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total)

167

Paraguay

Spanish (official), Guarani (official)

168

Peru

Spanish (official) 84.1%, Quechua (official) 13%, Aymara 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7%, other 0.2% (2007 Census)

169

Philippines

Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan

170

Pitcairn Islands

English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)

171

Poland

Polish (official) 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)

172

Portugal

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

173

Puerto Rico

Spanish, English

174

Qatar

Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language

175

Romania

Romanian (official) 91%, Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%

176

Russia

Russian (official), many minority languages

177

Rwanda

Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular), French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili, used in commercial centers)

178

Saint Barthelemy

French (primary), English

179

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

English

180

Saint Kitts and Nevis

English (official)

181

Saint Lucia

English (official), French patois

182

Saint Martin

French (official), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles)

183

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

French (official)

184

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

English, French patois

185

Samoa

Samoan (Polynesian) (official), English

186

San Marino

Italian

187

Sao Tome and Principe

Portuguese (official)

188

Saudi Arabia

Arabic (official)

189

Senegal

French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

190

Serbia

Serbian (official) 88.3%, Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)

191

Seychelles

Creole 91.8%, English (official) 4.9%, other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)

192

Sierra Leone

English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)

193

Singapore

Mandarin (official) 35%, English (official) 23%, Malay (official) 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil (official) 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)

194

Sint Maarten

English (official) 67.5%, Spanish 12.9%, Creole 8.2%, Dutch (official) 4.2%, Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 2.2%, French 1.5%, other 3.5% (2001 census)

195

Slovakia

Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)

196

Slovenia

Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside, Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside (2002 census)

197

Solomon Islands

Melanesian pidgin (in much of the country is lingua franca), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages

198

Somalia

Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

199

South Africa

IsiZulu (official) 23.8%, IsiXhosa (official) 17.6%, Afrikaans (official) 13.3%, Sepedi (offcial) 9.4%, English (official) 8.2%, Setswana (official) 8.2%, Sesotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga (official) 4.4%, other 7.2%, isiNdebele (official), Tshivenda (official), siSwati (official) (2001 census)

200

South Sudan

English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants) (official), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk

201

Spain

Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2% (official regionally)

202

Sri Lanka

Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%

203

Sudan

Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur

204

Suriname

Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese

205

Svalbard

Norwegian, Russian

206

Swaziland

English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)

207

Sweden

Swedish (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

208

Switzerland

German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)

209

Syria

Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian (widely understood); French, English (somewhat understood)

210

Taiwan

Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects

211

Tajikistan

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

212

Tanzania

Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages

213

Thailand

Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects

214

Timor-Leste

Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English

215

Togo

French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

216

Tokelau

Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English

217

Tonga

Tongan (official), English (official)

218

Trinidad and Tobago

English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese

219

Tunisia

Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)

220

Turkey

Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages

221

Turkmenistan

Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

222

Turks and Caicos Islands

English (official)

223

Tuvalu

Tuvaluan (official), English (official), Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)

224

Uganda

English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

225

Ukraine

Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other (includes small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 9%

226

United Arab Emirates

Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu

227

United Kingdom

English

228

United States

English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)

229

Uruguay

Spanish (official), Portunol, Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)

230

Uzbekistan

Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

231

Vanuatu

local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English (official) 1.9%, French (official) 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)

232

Venezuela

Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

233

Vietnam

Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)

234

Virgin Islands

English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)

235

Wallis and Futuna

Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language) 58.9%, Futunian 30.1%, French (official) 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)

236

West Bank

Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)

237

Western Sahara

Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic

238

World

Mandarin Chinese 12.44%, Spanish 4.85%, English 4.83%, Arabic 3.25%, Hindi 2.68%, Bengali 2.66%, Portuguese 2.62%, Russian 2.12%, Japanese 1.8%, Standard German 1.33%, Javanese 1.25% (2009 est.)

239

Yemen

Arabic (official)

240

Zambia

Bemba (official) 30.1%, Nyanja (official) 10.7%, Tonga (official) 10.6%, Lozi (official) 5.7%, Chewa 4.9%, Nsenga 3.4%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (official) 2.2%, Kaonde (official) 2%, Lala 2%, Luvale (official) 1.7%, English (official) 1.7%, other 22.5% (2000 Census)

241

Zimbabwe

English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects